Ka BAND UPCONVETER BLOCK DIAGRAM

This circuit upconverts an L-Band signal to a higher (e.g., satellite) frequency via two mixing stages, with stable local oscillator (LO) signals:

1. Signal Upconversion:

• The L-Band modem signal is first amplified (LNA) and mixed with a 1st LO (from a VCO/PLL) to shift its frequency. A BPF filters unwanted mixing products.

• The signal then goes through a 2nd mixer (with a 2nd LO) to reach the target high frequency, followed by amplification (HPA) for transmission.

2. LO Stability:

• Each VCO (which generates the LO frequency) is locked to a reference signal (via the PLL and power divider), ensuring the LO frequency stays precise (critical for accurate mixing).

3. Signal Conditioning:

• Attenuators control signal levels to prevent amplifier overload; amplifiers (LNA, driver) boost signal strength where needed.